AI, Cybersecurity r tanaza, aur jang
AI kitni had tak kisi khaas tanazai mein istemaal hui hai, iski poori samajh ho sakti hai ya nahi,
yeh cyber tanaza gatividhiyon ki gupth swabhav aur unke charon taraf se kam public prakash ke karan puri tarah se samajh nahi aati. Halaanki, ham ye samajh sakte hain ki AI ko kisi had tak cyber tanaza operations mein istemaal kiya gaya hai kyun ki AI technologies ki maang badh rahi hai aur inka istemaal offensive aur defensive cyber kabiliyat ko sudharne ke liye kiya ja sakta hai. AI ka ek udaaharan cyber tanaza mein istemaal ka hai ek Ukrainian President Zelenskyy ke deepfake mein, jismein bataya gaya tha ki Ukrainian fauj ko Russia ke khilaf jang chhod dena chahiye.
AI ke paas cyber hamle ki offensive kabiliyat ko sudharne ka potential hai. Malware banane, vulnerability detect karne, aur doosre attack phases ko AI algorithms ka istemaal karke automate aur optimize kiya ja sakta hai. AI-powered hamle jyada complex, adaptable, aur chanchal ho sakte hain, jisse unhe pehchan aur rokna mushkil ho jata hai.
AI defensive tactics mein bhi madad kar sakti hai cyber tanaza mein. AI systems large amounts of network traffic aur security records ko analyze karke trends aur abnormalities ko pehchan sakte hain jo khatra ya hamle ke sanket ho sakte hain. AI-based defensive systems hamle ko tezi se pehchan aur rok sakte hain, jisse organizations ko behtar suraksha milti hai.
Jabki AI cybersecurity aur defense mein madad kar sakti hai, wahi buri taqatien bhi ise istemaal kar sakti hain apne hamle ki scope aur complexity ko badhane ke liye. Adversarial machine learning AI ka istemaal karta hai machine learning algorithms ke vulnerabilities ko exploit karne ke liye. Hamle karne wale data poisoning ya adversarial examples ka istemaal karke attackers AI models ko manipulate kar sakte hain aur unhe galat predictions ya decisions lene mein dhokha de sakte hain. Ye cyber tanaza mein badi implications rakhta hai, kyun ki AI-powered systems alag-alag tasks mein machine learning ka istemaal karte hain, jaise ki malware detection aur network security.
Cyber hamle antarrashtriya sambandhon se utpann ho sakte hain ya unke asar aise consequences laa sakte hain jo rajneeti aur kootniti star tak pahunch sakte hain. Dher saare rajaye apne apne cyber tools develop kar rahe hain jo cyber tanaza se judi raksha, hamle aur intelligence ke liye hote hain.
Rajya dvara cyberweapons ka istemaal – aur am-taur par, rajyo ka vyavhaar cyberspace mein antarrashtriya shanti aur suraksha ko banaye rakhne ke sandarbh mein – ne khud ko antarrashtriya muddon ki list mein upar le liya hai.
Cyber tanaza ko ek policy mudda ke roop mein dekhna ab UN Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) ke bhaariar rajyon ke bich samvad ke liye ek badhne wale vishay ban gaya hai. ICTs ka tezi se istemaal armed conflicts aur bhaariar rajya tanazon ke context mein, saath hi kuch rashtriy drishtikon aur vichar patraon ki sthitiyon aur views ka prakash hone se, ye global mudda aur bhi mahatva purna ho gaya hai, aur isne global agenda ko aur vivid bana diya hai, naye rango ko ujagar kiya hai.
Cyber tanaza ka complex prakriti
Ratnagat yudh ke pracheen roop acche se jaane gaye hain. Sthapit antarrashtriya kanoon yudh ke vyavhaar ko niyantrit karne ka kaam karta hai aur uske prabhav ko seemit karne ki koshish karta hai, jaise ki Geneva Convention, jo un logon ko bachata hai jo yuddh mein shaamil nahi hain. Yudh ke niyam, phir bhi, ek sambhav interstate cyber tanaza ke mamle mein alag hote hain, jo ab tak acche se define nahi kiye gaye hain.
Cyber tanaza ki ek badi visheshta hai ki ek hamle ko kisi vishesh upayogakarta tak pahunchana lagbhag namumkin hai, yuddh ke kisi bhi prakar ke sambandh mein nahi to kisi bhi rajya ke dwara sponser kiye jaane ka, jo ki complex aur sophisticated weapons ke karan hota hai, jo kai proxy layers (jaise ki botnets) ke madhyam se kaam kar sakte hain. Ek aur antar ek sanshodhit yudh aur ek sambhav cyber yudh ya hybrid yudh (jisme karyakshetra mein aur cyber sphere mein dono jagah ghatnayein hoti hain) ke beech mein hai, scale mein: cyber ghatnayein do raashtro ke beech nahi hoti jabki doosre desh bas chup chap dekhte hain. Internet ek global resource hai aur cyberweapons, jaise ki botnets, doosre rashtron ke computing resources ka istemaal kar sakte hain, is prakar cyberyudh ko efektiv roop se global bana dete hain. ICTs ka istemaal karke yuddh mein samanya logon ko ‘entry’ dene ka relative aasan tareeka, (jaise ki smartphones ke dwara) samajhne ko milti hai ki cyber tanaza aur cyberyudh aur internet governance, saath hi ki cybersecurity vishayen sab ek dusre se judi hain.
Cyberspace aur cyber tanaza mein zimmedar rajya vyavhaar: kuch khule sawaal
2013 mein, NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE) ne Tallinn Manual taiyaar kiya, jismein yudh mein pravesh aur yudh chalane ke upar mojood antarrashtriya insaniyat ka adhigamana (jus ad bellum aur jus in bello) par vistar se bataya
gaya. 2017 mein, 2.0 version publish kiya gaya tha jisse aur vivaran mil sake, jabki 2021 mein CCDCOE ne Tallinn Manual 3.0 Project shuru kiya – ek panch saal ka karyakram jo maujood chapters ko revise karta hai, naye vishayon ko explore karta hai, aur is prakar cyberspace mein sthiti ke saath kadam milata hai.
Is draft mein ek antarrashtriya body ki sujhav di gayi hai jiska naam Agency for Information Infrastructure Protection (AIIP) hai. UN Governmental Group of Experts ne apne latest 2021 report mein, saath hi ki sath me 2021 UN Open-ended working group (OEWG) report ke dvara, is baat ko tasdeek kiya ki maujood antarrashtriya kanoon aur antarrashtriya insaniyat ka adhigamana cyberspace mein hota hai, lekin yeh baki hai ki isko amal mein kaise laaya jata hai. OSCE ne Confidence Building Measures taiyaar kiye hain jisse sahayog badhaya ja sake aur cyber tanazaon ko roka ja sake.
Sanket mei: Offensive cyber kabiliyat ki sthiti
Cyber sabotage ya cyberespionage ke ghatnayein cyber astradhar ko tej kar rahi hain. Kuch deshonne ‘cyber’ ko panchva sena kshetra (bhumi, sagar, hawa, aur antariksha ke baad) ghoshit kiya hai. Bahut se deshonne senaik cyber kabiliyat banane ke liye mahatva purna budget banaya hai – dono offensive aur defensive. Publicly available documents jaise ki rashtriya strategies, military doctrines, official statements, aur credible media reports ka mapping karna saboot aur suchana prastut karta hai ki offensive cyber capabilities (OCCs) mojood hain ya unka vikas ho raha hai lagbhag 50 deshon mein.
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