Jab COVID-19 ke liye vaccines dastiyab hui, hukumat ki sarhad mein sab se bari priority thi unhe jaldi se manzoor karwana, taake laakhon zindagiyon ko bachaya ja sake. Ek naye, sasta malaria vaccine ka regulatory manzoori, jo October mein World Health Organization ki taraf se recommend hui, usko bhi utni hi jaldi se tawajju di jaani chahiye.
PRINCETON – 2021 mein, malaria ne 619,000 mauton ka sabab banaya, jin mein se 77% bachay they jo paanch saal ke neeche ke they, aur 96% inki tadad Africa mein thi. Lekin ab, dher saal ki tahqiqat ke baad – aur kuch galat fehamiyon ke baad – ek malaria vaccine jo R21/Matrix-M ke naam se mashhoor hai (is ke ilawa sirf R21), iska saboot mil gaya hai ke yeh 70-78% maamalon mein kargar hai. Jab tak is level ki hifazatiyaan haasil ki jaati hain, teen doses ki zarurat hoti hai, aur ek saal baad ek booster ki zarurat hoti hai, lekin yeh vaccine, jo University of Oxford aur Serum Institute of India ne tayaar ki hai, sasti hai. Iski har dose ki tayaari $2-$4 mein ki ja sakti hai – jo ke doosri bachon ki vaccines ki qeemat ke barabar hai. Delivery aur administration ke izafay ko shamil karte hue, hum keh sakte hain ke R21 ki qeemat lagbhag $5 per dose hai. Haali mein ek taqatwar study ne dikhaya hai ke malaria ke aasar ke maqami ilaqaat mein mojood bachon ko poori tarah vaccine lagwana 100,000 bachon mein se 600 se zyada zindagiyon ko bacha sakti hai, saath hi lagbhag 200,000 malaria ke ilaj ke cases ko rok sakti hai (kyunki jab koi malaria ho jata hai, to uska dobara hone ka khatra hota hai). Yeh ishara karta hai ke lagbhag $3,300 har bachay ki zindagi bachane ke liye kharch kiye ja sakte hain.
October mein, World Health Organization ne R21 ko recommend kiya. Ab isko WHO ke prequalification process se guzarna hoga aur WHO ke Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization ki peshkash ki zarurat hai. Phir ek badi international rollout shuru kiya ja sakta hai.
R21 ke liye eligible bachay paanch mahine se lekar teen saal tak ke hain. Taqreeban 80 million eligible bachay malaria prone ilaqaat mein rehte hain jo Sub-Saharan Africa mein hain. Un sab ko 2024 mein teen doses di ja sakti hain, jise 240 million doses ki zarurat hogi, phir 2025 mein aur 80 million boosters ki zarurat hogi. Uske baad, jo bachay saal mein taqreeban 30 million paida hote hain, unko 120 million doses ki zarurat hogi. Isse lagbhag 450,000 zindagiyon ko har saal bachaya ja sakta hai.
$3,300 mein ek zindagi bachana ek mufeed deal hai. United States mein, Medicare 65 saal ke oopar ke mareezon ke liye kidney dialysis ke kharch ko cover karta hai jo transplant ke intezaar mein maut ke kareeb hotay hain. Pandrah saal pehle, Stanford aur Wharton ke economists ne is coverage ke zariye har ek quality-adjusted saal ki life gain ke liye average cost ko $129,000 nikala tha. Is figure ko mehengaai ke hisaab se adjust karna (aur ye na dekhte hue ke tibbi kharchon mein dusri cheezen tezi se barhti rahi hain) isko $182,000 tak pohanchata hai – aur yeh sirf ek extra saal ki zindagi ke liye hai. Mawafiqan, agar hum samajhein ke malaria ke khilaaf vaccination se bachaye gaye bachon ki zindagi ka tawajju se mawafiqan 50 saal tak hota hai, toh har saal ki qeemat $66 hai.
Jab global maqamaat ke liye nahi, balki American maqamaat ke liye judge kiya jaye, to $3,300 mein ek zindagi bachana ek bahut hi acha mol hai. Sab se cost-effective aur evidence-backed programs jo leading charity evaluator GiveWell ne paaye hain woh lagbhag $3,500-$5,500 per life saved hain. Jaise ke Against Malaria Foundation, jo The Life You Can Save ke top charities mein se ek bhi hai, jo bachon ko malaria se bachane ke liye bed nets distribute karta hai. Har ek net ki qeemat sirf kuch dollars ki hoti hai, lekin unhe bachane ke liye inko distribute karna $4,000 se zyada ki qeemat padti hai. Jab COVID-19 ke liye vaccines dastiyab hui, hukumat ki sarhad mein sab se bari priority thi unhe regulatory process se guzarwana. US Food and Drug Administration aam taur par kisi naye vaccine ki istemal ki manzoori dene mein das mahine lagati hai, lekin usne Pfizer vaccine ki istemal ki manzoori sirf 21 din mein di, aur Moderna ke vaccine ki manzoori sirf 19 din mein hui. WHO prequalification normally 270 din leti hai jab WHO kisi vaccine ko recommend karti hai. Yeh ek naqabil qubool deri hai. WHO ko apne process ko taiz karne aur public ko batane ki zarurat hai ke woh prequalification ko kitni jaldi mukammal kar sakti hai.
1Day Sooner ko is liye tashkil di gayi thi ke woh logon ko wakolat kare jo human challenge trials mein hissa lena chahte hain taake vaccine development ko taiz kar sakein. Jab yeh organization March 2020 mein tashkil di gayi, to uska focus COVID-19 ke liye vaccine par tha: use ek din pehle bahir nikalna, bilkul lafz wahiyan, hazaron zindagiyon ko bacha sakta tha. Is organization ke bohot se log aur zyadatar volunteers effective altruists they.