aik dunia ke sab se asar-angez ilaqe mein se aik hain jab ke tawanai ki safai ka silsila tezi se barh raha hai. Lekin, mazboot hawaein aur sooraj ki zayada miqdar ke sath-sath, saaf tawanai ki intizam mein zaroori minerals ke massive zakhair bhi hain, jo ke taqatwar countries hain ke nazriye se is tawanai ki inqilab mein lead kar sakti hain, ba shart yeh ke global adoption of renewables ko bhi tezi se barha jaye.
Bonn – Duniya climate change ke khilaf jang mein ek nihayat ahem morr pe khadi hai. Ya to hamain saaf tawanai ki inqilab mein tezi se izafah karna hoga, ya phir global darjah hararat ko pehle sanati doraan ke darjah se zyada hone se bachane ke liye hamare kamzor mauqay bikhar jaenge. Is bare mein kuch logon ko Latin America aur Caribbean (LAC) ke mulk behtar samajh sakte hain.
Yeh mumalik duniya ke sab se climate-vulnerable regions mein se aik hain. Pichle saal mein hi, LAC ilaqa ne aik tabah kun hurricane season, aik qatil garmi ka dorah, aur shadeed sayahat se guzra, jis ne Uruguay mein pani ki crisis ko barhaya aur Ecuador jese mumalik mein hydropower production ko nuqsaan pohanchaya. Credit-ratings agency Moody’s ke mutabiq, is century mein climate change ke natijay mein ilaqa ki GDP ka 16% khona mumkin hai.
Lekin LAC mumalik ko bhi saaf tawanai ki inqilab mein lead karne ka bohat bara maoka hai. Jaisa ke International Energy Agency apne pehle Latin America Energy Outlook mein darust karta hai, hydropower ke sath-sath renewables abhi se ilaqa ki bijli ka 60% hissa bana raha hai – yeh global average ke do guna hai – aur duniya ke sab se mazboot hawaein aur sooraj ki zakhairat ke sath, mazeed izafah ka imkan hai. Latin America mein duniya ke lithium ke zakhairat mein se adha hissa bhi shamil hai. Aur yeh is baat ka dalil hai ke yeh ilaqa green hydrogen ke production aur istemal mein leader ban sakta hai.
Climate-safe raaste par chalne ke liye lazmi hai ke tezi se, fazool aur foran amal kiya jaye, jo ke global taawun, mazboot siyasi lideri, mufeed public-private partnershiops, aur acha tayar kiye gaye regulatory frameworks ke sath ho. Iske sath hi paisa bhi chahiye hoga: IEA ke mutabiq, ilaqa ko 2030 tak renewable energy mein lagbhag dugna investment karna hoga.
Yeh investement lagbhag 17 million logon ko jo ke ab tak bijli ke baghair zindagi guzar rahe hain ko bijli dene ka zariya ban sakti hai; saaf khana pakane se 30,000 premature deaths ko roka ja sakta hai; aur clean-energy industries mein aik million jobs paida kiye ja sakte hain. Lekin, jaise ke kisi bhi samaji tabdeeli mein hota hai, saaf tawanai ka inqilab kuch groups ko piche chor sakta hai, jismein auraton, rural communities, aur indigenous log sab se zyada khatre mein hain. Is se bachne ke liye, climate initiatives – aur unke maqasid – insaf aur shamil hone wale principles ko refect karna chahiye.
Tawanai ka inqilab infrastructure par depend karta hai. Latin America ki mojooda energy infrastructure badi had tak oil aur gas ki production aur consumption ko support karne ke liye banai gayi hai. Renewables ke development, storage, distribution, aur transmission ko facilitate karne ke liye, ilaqa ko ab zyada interconnected grids banane aur zameen aur samundar par supportive infrastructure ko barhane ki zaroorat hai. Barhne wale climate change ke asar ko bardasht karne ke liye zyada cross-border connectivity aur scalable storage systems bhi zaroori hain. Costa Rica is mein ek model pesh karta hai ke yeh kaise kiya ja sakta hai. Yeh mulk 2050 tak duniya ka pehla carbon-neutral mulk banne ki koshish kar raha hai. Inter-American Development Bank ne 2020 mein Costa Rica ke liye 3000 se zyada potential futures model kiye, jinme se zyadatar mein yeh sabit hua ke Costa Rica apne net-zero maqasid ko 75% se zyada meeta sakega – nearly half mein yeh predict kiya gaya ke yeh mulk net-negative emissions tak pohanch jaye ga.
Dusre LAC mumalik bhi apne fossil fuels par depend ko kam karna, apni iqtisadiyat ko decarbonize karna aur apni energy security ko barhana chahti hain. Is maqsad ke liye, unko apni renewable energy capabilities ko develop karna aur energy efficiency ko boost karna chahiye. Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero is maamle mein madad kar raha hai, jo ke is ilaqa ke local financial institutions ke sath kaam karke climate finance ko boost kar raha hai – yeh ek misal hai ke public-private partnerships kaise sustainability aur prosperity ko sab ke liye pohancha sakte hain.
Beshak, strategies mulkon ke darmiyan mukhtalif hogi. Caribbean mein, mausam, jughrafia, aur manazir ki buniyad par renewable energy ka izafah karna mushkil hai. Distributed generation – yani ke bijli jo use ke qareeb hi banai jati hai – in challenges ko hal karne ka aik tareeqa hai.
Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet ne is technology ko ilaqa mein istemaal karne ka aghaz kar diya hai. Haiti mein, for example, GEAPP ko mesh grids banane mein madad mil rahi hai – yeh decentralized modular grids hain jo households ko apni zyadatar bijli khud banane mein madad karti hain lekin unko unke hamsaye ke sath power-sharing clusters mein jorna bhi allow karti hain