Yeh saal sab se garam mausam ka hai, jisme climate change ne ziada garmi, aghaaz se zyada heatwaves, jangal aag, barish, aur sardiyon mein kamzorai ka sabab bana diya hai. Amazon, jahan pe 10% se zyada duniya ki maloomat shuda hayatiyat mojood hai, is se bacha nahi gaya. El Niño ka wapas aana, equatorial Pacific Ocean mein garam pani ka aik silsila, aur North Atlantic Ocean ke record tor par izafi garamiyon ne is ilaqe ki tareekh mein sab se shadeed sardiyon mein se aik ka shorba badtar kiya hai, kam se kam 600,000 logon aur anjaane janwaron aur podon ko mutassir karke.
Is moqa par, sab mumalik ke liye zaroori hai ke Joint Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), jo Dubai mein chal raha hai, ko duniya ke sab se bare tropical jungle ki mustaqbil par mawafiqat hasil karne ka ek moqa samjha jaye. Amazon global mausam ko shakhsiyat dene mein aham kirdar ada karta hai: is mein 150-200 billion tan carbon store hota hai; ye soil se atmosphere tak pani ka bohot bara conditioning machine ki tarah kaam karta hai; aur ye South America aur uske ilawa bhi barish mein izafah karta hai. Iski hifazati muhim, haqeeqat mein, kisi bhi tajaweeh ya tadabeer ki bunyad hai jo mausam ko control karne ya uske mutabiqat karne ka irada ho.
Isi tarah ka irada, jo ke mamooli karobar ke mukhalif hai, ghareebi barhne, zameen ki tabahi, aur global garami ke sath gathartar hota ja raha hai, darakht ka muratab (mortality) izafi ho raha hai, jisse pani ki dobara taqseem ki salahiyat mein kami aati hai, jangal aag barhne mein madad milti hai, aur jangal ki bardasht kam hoti hai. Ye ilaqe aik barray tipping point ki taraf ja raha hai, jo ke ek bade paimane par jangal ka muratab aur 110 se 275 billion tan carbon dioxide ka atmosphere mein chhorna, duniya ke mausam mein 0.1-0.2°C izafi garami ka sabab banna, aur Zameen ke doosre hisson ko mehfooz karna hoga. Agar ye tipping point guzar gaya to duniya ko 2015 Paris climate agreement mein mukarar kiye gaye 1.5°C se kam global garami rakhna lagbhag namumkin ho jayega.
Iske alawa, yeh bhi kisi asal maan’wi masroofi ki fikr hai ke khara darakht maali taraqqi mein hissa nahi dalte, jiska asar Amazon par gheray samaji tanaav, zameen ke haqooq par jhagre, barayat se ghareebi, ghair qanooni extractive (bahari) amal, aur kamzor hukumat institutions par hota hai. Ye halaat nizaam ki tahqiqat mein barbaadi, azadi mein zyadati, aur Amazon ke effective stewards (hifazati malik) ko hatane ka natija hain, jo ke climate change ke khilaf aik diwar banate hain aur duniya ke 10-20% carbon stocks ko mehfooz rakhte hain.
Amazon ko ecological aur samaji tipping points se bachane ke liye global aur qaumi darje par ek paradigm shift ki zarurat hai. United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network ke hawale se jama hui United Nations Science Panel for the Amazon (SPA) ki report iski zarurat ko wazeh karti hai.
Report mein darakht aur jheeli hui nizaam ko hifazati, dobara tarteeb dene, aur durust karne ke liye; Amazonian governance ko shirkati muamalon ke zariye istemal kar ke mazboot karne ke liye; aur sehatmand khare darakht aur behne wale daryaoon ki naye socio-bioeconomy banane ke liye bola gaya hai. Sirf is taur par, maali aur maaishati surity aur islahat ko sametne mein kamiyabi hasil ki ja sakti hai, jo ke samaji insaaf ke sath mil kar pesh hai ke hum ek naye roadmap tayyar karenge, jo indigenous communities ki zindagi ke maqbulat ko behtar banaye rakhe, jabke unki mojoodgi ko hifazat bhi kare.
Amazon ki hifazati muhim mein fori amal zaruri hai. Jab ke duniya ke lideron ne 2030 tak deforestation ko khatam karne aur reverse karne ki dhamki di hai, is ke ilawa kuch zyada barqi harkat nahi hui, siwaye intergovernmental partnershiyon banane aur buland dawayon ke ilawa. Lekin mojooda maqam ka duniya ne apne waday par amal nahi kiya hai, ke wo Global South ko har saal $100 billion ki mausami surityat pesh kare gi, aur kuch mumalik ne apne nationally determined contributions (emissions-reduction targets) barhane par amal bhi nahi kiya hai.
Iqtisadi haawale se, is saal ke Amazon Summit mein Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, aur Venezuela ne ilaqa ke janglon ki hifazati aur sarmaya dariyat aur mushkil-free taraqqi ko barhane ke liye mil kar koshish karne ki dhamki di. Lekin unhon ne deforestation, ghair qanooni sonay ki khan, aur Amazon mein tail ka istemal khatam karne ki muddat tay nahi ki.
Sab umeed haavi nahi hai. Brazil, Peru, aur Colombia ne 2023 mein deforestation dar mein kami darj ki hai, aur haal hi mein siyasi tajaweezat ishara deti hain ke Amazon ko hifazati muhim mein izafah ho raha hai. Iske alawa, Amazonian mumal
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